Vehicle brake



w. T. DUNN 2,613,775

VEHICLE BRAKE I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 14, 1952 Filed May 22, 1947 i ,li

b/izz'am 7,192/772?A BY #froze/vzw.

Oct. 14, 1952 w. T. vDLJNN 2,613,775

VEHICLE BRAKE Filed May 22, 194'? 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Oct. 14, 1952 UNITED y STATES VEHICLE BRAKE corporation of Delaware Application May 22, 1947, Seriai'No. 749,729 f 34 Claims. 1.

This application relates to the association of av braking means with the driving means of a motor vehicle.

It is usual practice to provide a motor vehicle with a special'brake that may be applied when the vehicle is parked or when the vehicle is being maneuvered on inclines. If vthis special brake is defective as may frequently be the case, there may be no way of holding the vehicle inthe above cases. It has been customary to park a vehicle in gear, but the practice is subject to the drawback that the vehicle'inay move if the inn eline on which it is parked is sufcient to cause 1 the engine to turn over. However, itis dangerous and often impossible, to start the engine by a conventional electrically operated starter when the vehicle is in gear, and so it'may be impossible to hold the vehicle by the in gear method at a' time when the engine is to be started. If the vehicle is pro-vided with a step-drive or fluid power-transmitting device at som-e point between the driving wheels and the engine, the engine cannot be used to brake the car except to keep the vehicle below a speed "at which the driven part of the uid device will effectively attempt to drive the driving part. Accordingly, it becomes desirable to provide, in addition to the wheel brakes, some supplementary braking means that will be elective underthe conditions outlined above, endl have provided such a brak-- ing means. c

An object of the present invention is to pro'- vide an improved braking means for a motor vehicle of a type that will prevent movement of the vehicle either forwards or backwards depend; ing upon the selection made. rl."he braking means vented which movement might otherwise be pos` sible because of the presence of the uid powertransmitting device.

Still another object isv to provide improvements in a one-way holding device in which undesirable drag between the parts vof the holding device is eliminated. This holding device may be a oneway brake' used in conjunction with a changespeed transmission and a main clutch between the transmission and an engine for preventing undesired movement of a vehicle in a forward or rearward direction. Q v

Other objects will appear from the disclosure.

Fig. l 'is a longitudinal section of a driving means comprising a fluid coupling, a clutch, and a change speed transmission, with which driving means the novel brake of the present invention may be associated with a conventional changen speed transmission in order'to prevent forward movement or backward movement.

A further object is to associate aY braking means that may take the form `of a vone-way brake with a main clutch' of a motor vehicle s0 that the condition of the clutch may determine whether the braking means is to be operative.

Another object is to associate va oneeway brake with a motor vehicle driven by an engine Lacting through a fluid coupling.

Still another object is to provide improvements in operating means for a 'clutch associated with a change-speed transmission as part of vehic1epropelling means and with a one-way brake acting with the clutch and. transmission to hold the vehicle against movement as desired.

A still further object is to'associate a one-,way brake with a driving apparatus involving a fluid is associated; y y

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a driving means including a modied form of transmission, to which driving means the novel brake of the present invention is applied;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3?-3 of Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view taken along the 1` line 'ih-li of Fig. 1; and y l y n Fig. 5 is a sectional view generally similar to Fig. 1; showing a modied form of the one-way it of a fluid coupling it. Animpeller i5 is se.

cured in suitable manner tothe casing I3. VA runner I6, positioned in juxtaposed relation to the impeller l5 is secured to a hub part Il. The

hub part Il is journalied at one end exterorly by means of a ball bearing i3 on the'impeller casing i3 and interiorly by means of roller bear ings i9 upon the reduced end of a driven'vshaft 2E). nailed by roller bearings 2l upon the driven shaft 2l). A seal 21e acts Vbetween one end of the casing i3 and the hub i l to keep `fluid within the casing'. A member 22, forming part of the driving sideoi a clutch 23 is keyed as -indicated at 23a tothe hub part il. The driving side of the clutch'ZS. also includes a cover 2d securedby screws 25 to ther member 22, and al pressure ring 2E urged by. springs il toward the member 22, thereby causerreur ori-fica The other end of the hubv member is jourflange 28b lies between the plate 25c and the cover plate 28, and the springs 23g act between the hub flange and the plates to permit a small angular movement of the disks with respectto the-hub for easing shocks. The hub 2 5@ is keyed or splined as indicated at 29 to the driven shaft 25. The driven shaft 2U constitutes the input shaft of a transmission 3i) including a casing 3|. -One end of the shaft 20 projects into the transmission casing 3i and has formed thereon a gear 32 and a'toothed section engageable by a driving sleeveit. ln the position of partsshovvn in Eig, l a ySynchronizer .ring eiepoeitonod betweenjthc `toothed section 33`fand the. sleeve 35. y'lhegear 32'continuc1ly meshes Withagear .3.6 Whchis mounted upon .and drivingly connected. to .a .coinpound gear unit 3l by means .et a oneewayclutch 33. The compound gear unit 3 7 ageari section 39 continually; meehinswithn gear Niii that is rotatably mounted ontheoutput Vshaft .45. .One end of the gear it carries in eXieilvelidahie driving relation the sleevei,v and the otherzend oi .the'geerhes a toothed Section il vengegentle bve toothed oieeveZ, o synchronizerringii being betwecnthe sleeve 42 -andthetcothed .Sec-

tion 4 i. The sleeve 42 has a sliding driving connection with an intermediate driving member 45 keyed to an outputshaft d5, as indicated at 45a. The sleeve i2 is selectively engageable either with the toothed Section! and the gear ..49 or with a toothed section .45 upon a gear 41, there being a synchronizer ring 41e between the toothed seotion 46 and the sleeve 42. The gear .5l vcontinually meshes with a gear section. 48 on the compound gear vunit 37. Ag-ear 49 is keyedas indicated at 50vto the. outputshaft. An idler 'gearv 5i, shown in dash-.dot lines, continually meshes with the gear section 138 and vis axially .slidable into and out of engagement with the gear 49.

with tueurs/ing Side of the Clutch z3 isassociated a one-way brake 5 2, comprising a tubular section 53, a spiral member 55, .a centrifugal weight 58 on the spiral member 55, and an outer fixed sleeve S2. yTothe clutch cover 24 is .suitably secured, for example, by soldering or welding a flanged end 55e of tubular section 53. The

.tubular sectionte has an opening, undosigneted,

receiving an outwardly extending. end iof the spiral or coiled. member 55 positioned Withinthe .tubular section 53. VBeginning atea turn 55-next vto v the last at the right en d, the spiral member end of the, spiral member. As shown, the weight 58 projectsradially outwardly from the spiral member 55 and is positioned in a wide leCeSS 5| formed at the right end of the tubular section 53, which recess permits the necessary peripheral and outward movement of the weight 53 during operation. Positioned within the coil 55 is the outer fixed sleeve 52, which is appropriately at tached to the transmission casing 3l, Let us assume that the engine will act through the fluid coupling I6 .to `drive the ldriving. Side .of the clutch 23, the tubular. section. and the spiral member 55 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed Fig. 3. It is obvious that this action will tend to v i.; nwind the spiral member 55 so that it will Ynot grip the outer sleeve 62. Sufficient speed of the spiral member will cause the centrifugal -yveight 5 3 tomove outwards, thereby relieving drag of .the spiralmember 55 on the sleeve t2. If the driving side of the clutch 23 were to attempt -to rotate in a clockwise direction, the resultant attempted rotation of the tubular section 53 and the spiral member 55 in the same direction would cause;the.epirel;;meinber55 to winden. thereby gripping the .fixed anchorelceve t2 `and being prevented from clockwise rotation. vThe reduction in thickness of the spiral member 55 at its free end .as in dicated-at--and 5l' makesthis end into a so-called 4teaser portion by giving the end sufi'dcientiexibility to be readily respon- Asiveto appropriate. directionof rotation so as to grip orto release. the. fixed sleeve t2- Positioned between the `n xed sleeve 62 and the transmission easing v31 l .is-a nance te .ofan inner n xed sleeve 6,4, which immediately surrounds the input .or 4driven shaftZi). Mounted on the sleeve t4 Within the-.Sleeve t2v is on .actuating mechanism .tiefer the. clutch 23 This .mechanism comprises a ring, for contatingfthe inner end of the release levers 58 of the -clutch.23, a ball bearing B'Lbacking thering 6.6, a sleeve 69, and a fork l5 engaging .an enlarged end onthe sleeve 59 and protruding through an opening ll in the outer xed sleeve 52. Y

The clutch 23.is released by movement to the left, as viewed in Fig. l, of the actuating mechanism 69 applied through the fork 7U. The ring 56 engages .the inner ends of the levers 68, causing them to shift the pressure ring 26 to the right against the springs 21. .This action unclamps the disk or driven member 28 ofthe clutch from the driving side- 22, and the clutch is disengaged so that the transmission input shaft 25 is not driven by the engine. It will be noted that the one-Way brake 52 provides no interference `with the clutch-actuating mechanism 65. This is due to the placing of the one-way brake outside of the clutch-actuating mechanism, which outside placing is made feasible by the .location of thei-lxed sleeve 62 .within the active yelement of the oneway brake, namely, Ithe spiral member 55.

The operation ofthe entire device of Fig. l .is .asfollov/s-l -Assumethot .the engine or other drivingmeans tends to` rotate the driving shaft l0 in a counterclockwise direction if viewed in the. dletion'ofthe arrows 4 .4, designating the location Aof the sectional View of Fig. 4 in Fig. i.. .The casing i3 Vanti the imponer I 5 of the fluid vcoupling ..14 will 'also .rotate and. when they have attained a suicientspeed they will ,cause .rotetionof the .runner le' through the action Ther the input shaft of the transmission 3D is communicated in various ways to the output shaft 45 of the transmission through the gears con-g tained in the vtransmission casingv 3|. Assume for example, that the transmission gears are positioned asA shown in Fig. 1, with the sleeve 34 so positioned as not to be in `driving engagement with the toothed section 33 on the input shaft 20. Then drive is transmitted from the shaft through the gear 32, the gear 36, the clutch 38, and the gear section 39 to the gear 40. If now the sleeve 42 is shifted to the left into engagement with the toothed section 4I on the gear 40, the gear 4c is directly connected to the output shaft 45. If a lower ratio of speed of output shaft 45Y to speed of input shaft .20 is desired, the sleeve 4 2 is shifted to the right into engagement with .the toothed section 46 on gear 41. Then drive is transmitted from the input shaft 20 through the gear 32, the gear 36, the clutch 33, the gear section 43, the gear 41, and the sleeve 42 to the output shaft 45. The positionof the sleeve 42 may be suitably manually controlled. The sleeve 34 may, for example, be controlled from the speed of the input shaft 20 through suitable automatically operated means, not shown. When the speed of the input shaft 20 reachesa certain amount, the sleeve 314 will automaticallyshift to the left,

engaging the toothed section on the input shaft 1 20. Thus there is established a direct drive between the input shaft 20 and the gear 40. If under these conditions it is desired to connect the outputshaft 45 directly to the input shaft 2U, the sleeve 42 is shifted to the left so as to v effect a direct connection between the gear 4t 43, the gear section 39, the gear section 48, the

gear 41, and the sleeve 42 to the output shaft 45. The one-way clutch 33 willwpermit the compound gear 31 to rotate faster than the gear 36 as is required .when there is a direct drive between the input shaft 23 and the gear 40. When the speed of the input shaft 20 falls below a certain value, the sleeve 34 will automatically shift to the right, causing a resumption of the driving conditions originally described. When it is desired to reverse the direction of the output shaft 45, vthe idler gear 5I is axially shifted to the right into engagement with the gear 49. Then drive is transmitted from the input shaft 20 through the gear 32, the gear 36, the clutch 38, the gear section 43, the idler gear 5l, and the gear 49 to the. output shaft 45. Conceivably, when the transmission is in reverse, the speed vof the shaft 23 ymay become suiiiciently high to cause the sleeve 34 to become engaged with the toothed section on the gear 29. Then drive will be transmitted from the input shaft 20 to the output shaft 45 through the gear 20, the sleeve 34, the gear 4G, the gear section 39, the gear section 43, the idler gear 5|,.and the gear 43.

The manner of operation of the one-way clutch 38 is best seen in Fig. 4. in this figure the input shaft 20 and the gear 32 formed thereon are rotating in ya counterclockwise direction and thus cause the gear 33 to rotate in a clockwise direction. The clutch 38 is so constructed that as indicated inthe yes-no designation in Fig. 5, the compound gear unit 31 may rotate with respect to the. gear 36 in a clockwise di-= rection but may not rotate with respect to it in a counterclockwise direction. Thus the comm pound gear unit 31 may rotate faster than but not slower than the gear 3B in a clockwise direction. If the gear unit 31 rotates in a counter clockwise direction, it will cause a counterclockwise rotation of the gear 36.

Let us now consider the desired function and purpose of the one-way brake 52 of Figs. 1 and 3. If the vehicle in which the driving means is mounted is parked on an incline such as to causev the vehicle to roll backwards, and it is impossible or undesirable to use a special brake to prevent such backwards movement, the engine ralone can not be relied upon to prevent the backward move ment, for the runner It of the fluid coupling I4 may rotate at low speeds with respect to the im peller I5. The one-way brake 52 will prevent such backwards movement in the following manner. Backward movement of the vehicle would cause the output shaft 45 of the transmission to rotate in a clockwise direction if viewed inA the direction of the Aarrows 3-3 and 4'4 of Fig. l. If now the sleeve 42 engages either the toothed section 45 of the gear 41 or the toothed section 4I of the gear 43, the clockwise rotation of .the output shaft 45 tending to be produced by the backward movement of the vehicle would result in counterclockwise rotation of the compound gear 31. ince, as seen in Fig. 4, the one-way clutch 38 will prevent counterclockwise movew ment of the compound gear 31 with respect to the gear 36, there will be a tendency for counter- 1 clockwise movement of the gear 36 to be pro duced, This will result in an attempted clockwise movement of the gear 32 and the input shaft 2t. which will be transmitted through the clutch 23, if engaged, to 'the tubular section 53. .As was previously explained and is self-evident from Fig. 3, clockwise movement of the tubular section 53 cannot take place, because the resultant attempt ed clockwise movement of the spiral member 55 will wind up `this member, causing it to grip the fixed sleeve 62. Thus` clockwise movement cannot take place. If it is desired to permit the aforementioned backwardmovement of the VSH hicle, the clutch 23 may be disengaged, and theren by the input shaft 20 is freed from the one-way brake 52. It may be desirable to prevent back ward movement of the vehicle at other times than when the vehicle is parked. For example, the

vehicle may be temporarily stopped in trafiicv under conditions that would make it impossible to speed the engine suiiiciently to cause the im peller I5 of the fluid coupling to rotate fast enough in. a clockwise direction to prevent counterclock wise movement of the runner I6. It is only ree quired 'that the clutch 23 be engage-d and that the sleeve 42 be in one of its engaged positions.

If the sleeve 34 engages the toothed section 33 associated with gear 32 formed on input shaft, then backward movement .of `the vehicle would produce clockwise movement of the output shaft 45, which would produce clockwise movement of the input shaft 33, either directly with the sleeve 42 engaging the toothed section 'tion the gear 43, or indirectly with the sleeve 42 engaging the toothed section 48 on the gear 4l. Such clockwise movement of the input shaft, with the clutch 23 engaged is prevented by the one-way brake 52, as previously described.

If thevehicle is on an incline such as would Vepi/.acct

7. cause it. to move forward.. this may be prevented throughfengaeement of the idlergearr with the `gear-.ll-andY engagement `of the clutch v223. Forward movement vofthe vehicle wouldresult in counterclockwise rotation of the output shaft 55, which would be transmitted through the gears 49 and 5l as counterclockwise rotation to the. compound gear 37. previously described, the oneway` clutch 38 i will not/ permit counterclockwise rotation of the compoundgear liwithoutcounterclockwise rotation of the vgear 36. .Counterclockwise rotation ofthe gear 35 would result in clockwise rotation of thegear 32 and the input shaft 2l).r With the clutch23 engaged, clockwise rotation of ther driving .side of the clutch would result. However, this is impossible because of the action of the spiral: member 55 of the oneway'brake, as .was previously described.

The one-way brake operates through the clutch 23 and thus shocks incident to use of the one-way brake are imposed upon the clutch, which is designed to take the. shocks in the coil springs 28g. Thus there is less shock imposed on the one-way brake itself.

Fig. 2 shows'the one-way brake 52 in use with a different form of. change speedtransmission which is hereby designated with the reference character 76. -A transmission casing 'H is provided vin which is positioned a gear 'I8 formed on the end of .the driven or input shaft 20. The gear 78 continuously meshes with a gear section 'i9 formingpart of a compound gear 80 whichalso includes gear sections 81,52, and 93. The gear sectionfSl continuously meshes with a gear 5d rotatably supported upon a transmission output shaftl 85. A gear 85 is slidably and drivingly con nected with'the output shaft 85 so as to mesh either with thegear section 82 or with idler gear 87 continuously meshing with the gear section 85; The position of the gear 89 is controlled by a'fork 88 attached to a rail 89. When the gear 35 engages the gear section 82, the transmission 79 is in the -so-called first or low, drive being transmitted from the input shaft through the gear lil,r the gear section i9, the gear section 22, and the gear 36 to the output shaft S5. When the gear 86 meshes with the idler gear 81, the transmission is in reversethe shaft 85 rotating in a clockwise direction when viewed from right to left if the input shaft 29 rotates in a counter clockwise direction. In this condition drive is transmitted from the input shaft 20 Vthrough the gear 78, the gear'Y section-'19, the gear section 83, the idler gear 87, and the gear 83 to the output shaft 85. Positioned'between the gears 73 and B9 is a shifting member 99 controlled by a fork 9| attached to a rail 92. The shifting member all is drivingly connected to the output shaft 85 and has at one end an internal clutching section (not shown) engageable with a mating clutching section 93 formed on the end of the input shaft 20. Another internal clutching section (not shown) is formed on the other. end'of the shifting member 99 and is adapted to mesh with a mating clutching section 94 formed on the gear 34. The shifting member 90 has slidable driving engagement with the output shaft 85. When the shiftling memberv 98 is moved to the right so that the internal clutching section on the right end` engages the clutching section 94 formed on the gear 84, the transmission-HiY is in second or intermediate, drive being transmitted from the input shaft 20 through the gear 7.8, the gear section 79, the gear section 8|, the gear 84, and the shifting member 90 to the output shaft 85. When the .8 member .35 .ismoved tothe left, vthe.internal clutching section v onthe left .end :engages the clutchingsection.-93 formed'on the end of the input shaftV 29, and the transmission isin third or. direct or high,.the input shaft being. directly connected to the outputshaft' through the member- 9G- and thereby causing. the'outputashaft v tolrotate at the same speed as theinput .movement of the vehicle would cause clockwise movementiof the input 'shaft2 and of the spiral member 55 vof the one-way brake. 'Howeventhe spiral memberthroughwinding up on attempted clockwise rotation,'grips the fixedsleeve .62 and thereby prevents. clockwisey movement of 'the input shaft 20 and thetoutput shaftz95. andback.- wardmovement of the vehicle. Whenr backward movement of the vehicleis vto be allowed, the clutch is disengaged, land the .input :shaft 20.'may rotate in a clockwise direction. independentlysof the one-way brake 52. `If forward'movementof the vehicle is to be prevented,'the gear .'S'is shifted into engagement with the.idler'gearf.8'l. Forward movement of the vehiclewould result in counterclockwise movement of the output-.shaft 95, -which would be transmitted through the gear 89, the idler gear 8l, lthe gear section`83, the gear section 19, and the gear 78 in the'form of clockwise rotation of the input shaft `2l). Since engagement of the clutch prevents relativerotation between the input shaft-29 andthe spiral member? 55, the gripping of the fixed sleeve 62 by the spiral member will prevent clockwise rotation of the input shaft 2B. Ii'fthe vehicle is to be allowed to movelforwardlmthe clutch is disengaged.

Fig. '5` shows 'a modied'form ofone-way brake 93, in which the spiral member-55is`r'eplaced by a spiral member 94 formed intwo `sectionsI95 and 9S. The section 95 is formed of relatively thick and widespiral'stockand provided' in certain turns with a plurality of notches 91 increasing in depth from turn to turn. The section 96 has a plurality of'notches 97a and is of relatively thin and narrow spiral Stock and lis attached to the end ofthe section where 'the notches 9'! are of thegreatest depth. The'end of the section'96 carries a centrifugal weight 98 positioned in the wide recess yEl formed in the end of the tubular section 53, 'forming the Apart of the one-way brake 93 attached to the clutch cover 24 by the flange 53a. `The spiral member 94 is rotatable with the tubular section 53 by virtue ofy an undesignated opening in the tubular o section V53 and an'outwardly extending end 99 as in Fig. 3. By tending to unwind, the spiral member 94 stays released from the xed sleeve 62, and there is no opposition to rotation of the spiral member. Suiiicient speed thereof causes the weight 98 to move, outwards, thereby relieving the spiral member 94 of drag upon the fixed sleeve 62. The output shaftl 20 might tend to rotate in a counterclockwise direction because of coasting of the vehicle with the transmission in gear. With the clutch 23 engaged, the spiral member 94 of the one-way brake 93 will also rotate in a counterclockwise direction, which is permitted because of the unwinding tendency of the spiral member 94.

The spiral member 94 may not rotate in a clockwise direction, because attempted rotation in this direction winds up the spiral member, causing it to grip the xed sleeve 62. With the clutch 23 engaged, any movement of the vehicle tending to produce clockwise rotation of the input shaft 20 will produce attempted clockwise rotation of the spiral member, which is impossible, and so such vehicle movement is prevented. This prevented vehicle movement will be backward if the transmission is set for forward movement by the engine and will be forward if the transmission is set for rearward movement.

The one-way brake 93 may be associated through the input shaft 20, for example, with the type of transmission shownin Fig. 1 or with the type shown in Fig. 2.

The section 96 of the spiral member 94 may be considered a teaser portion, because by virtue of its relative thinness and narrowness, it is readily responsive to rotation in one direction or the other to initiate the gripping or releasing of the vfixed sleeve 82 by the spiral member 94.

Actuating mechanism for the clutch in Fig. 5 is not seen, but it will be understood that this mechanism is located within the fixed sleeve 62, as shown in the modication of Fig. 1.

I claim:

1. The combination with an engine, a changespeed transmission, a fluid power-transmitting device, means drivingly connecting the engine and the fluid power-transmitting device, and means drivingly connecting the change-speed transmission and the fluid power-transmitting device, of a one-way brake associated with the last mentioned means and including a spiral member adapted to change its twist in response to drive transmitted thereto in one direction or the other thereby to grip or to release, and means associated with the spiral member for causing sufficient speed of the spiral member in the direction producing release of the spiral member to eliminate drag of the spiral member.

2. The combination with an engine, a changespeed transmission, a clutch having a driving side and a driven side, meansfor drivingly connecting the engine with the driving side of the clutch, and means for drivingly connecting the transmission with the driven side of the clutch; of a one-way brake associated with the driving side of the clutch and including a spiral member adapted to change its twist in response-to drive transmitted thereto in one direction or the other thereby to grip or to release and means associated with the spiral member for causing sufficient speed of the spiral member in the direction producing release thereof to eliminate drag thereof.

3. The combination with an engine, a changespeed transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft and settable in aiirst driving arrangement involving rotation of the shafts in of the clutch the output shaft from rotating-the input shaft in a direction opposite to that produced by normal engine operation with the transmission either in the rst drive-transmitting arrangement or in the second drive-transmitting arrangement, said one-way brake comprising a fixed means and a spiral ymember having surrounding relation with respect to one another, the spiral member being connected at one end to the driving side of the clutch and being free at its other end so as to be adapted to change its twist in response to drive through the said one end in one direction or the other for gripping or releasing the fixed means. v i

4. The combination with an engine, a changespeed transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft and settable in a first driving arrangement involving rotation of the shafts inthe same direction and in a second arrangement involving rotation of the shafts in opposite directions, and a clutch having a driving side adapted to be drivingly connected with the engine and a driven side adapted to be drivingly connected with the input shaft of the transmission; of a one-way brake associated with the driving side ofthe clutch for preventing during engagement of` the clutch the output shaft from rotating' the input shaft in a direction opposite to that produced by normal engine operation with the transmission either in the first drive-transmitting arrangement or in the second drive-transmitting arrangement, said one-way brake comprising a xed means and a spiral member having surrounding relation with respect to one another, the spiral member being connected at one end to the driving side of the clutch and beingfree at its other end so as to be adapted to change its twist in response to drive through the said one end in one direction or the other for gripping or releasing the fixed means, and means associated with the free end of the spiral member for causing sufhcient speed of the spiral member in a direction producing release of the spiral member from the fixed means to eliminate drag of the spiral member upon the fixed means.

5. The combination with an engine, a changespeed transmission having an input shaft and an output shaft and settable in a rst driving ar rangement involving rotation of the shafts in the same direction and in a second arrangement involving rotation of the shafts in opposite direc-y tions, and a clutch having a driving side adapted to be drivingly connected with the engine and a driven side adapted to be drivingly connected with the input shaft of the transmission; of a one-way brake associated with the driving side of the clutch for preventing during engagement of the clutch the output shaft from rotating the input shaft in a direction opposite to that produced by normal engine operation with the ktransmission either in the first drive-transmitting ar-v rangement or in the second drive-transmitting arrangement, said one-way brake comprising a xed means, a spiral member surrounding the fixed means and being connected atone end to the driving side of the clutch and free at its other end so as to be adapted to change its twist in fesponseltol drivel-:through thelA Ssaid .one fend' in 'oneldirectionfor-fthe 'other `for gripping or releas- --ingffthe fxedflmeans; the said otherendof the spir'al minb'erbeing-weighted for causing aasuiiicihtfisp'eedfbfl'the'l said one end thereof Vin the fdirectionlproduciiigrelease ofY the spiral element l`fromtheiiiiedm'eans to move the WeightedV end loiitvva'i'ds Ito eliminate 'drag -of theY spiral element fonf thenx'ea means.

Q 6;? fI-he combination with a transmission-having a`lr i'di'rectionalf shaft'and a' two-direction output shaftfandlbei-ngFsettable in a rstdrive-transmitting'arrangementinvolving' rotation ofthe output fsha'ftiitheisame'direction as the unidirectional shaf and' 1 a second-drive -transmitting arran'getment#involving rotation Lof the doutputshaft in `-the 4:oppositedirectionyof Val A'onewaybrake associatedvvith nthel unidirectional shaft zfor f preventingthefoutput shaft "ofthe transmission-from re- Vversi-ng:the v"rotatii'nnof the unidirectional sh'aft, saidone'-wavbrake comprising a fixed means and a spiral member having surroundingrelation with 'respectfto 'one Ianother, the spiralm'ember being assciatediafone end with the vunidirectional 'shaftlahd'bing free'at" its 'other'end'so as to be able "to'fchanfg its' tvvistv "in"`response` `v'tokv Y'drive 'throughthe'said fone` end in one' direction or` the 'other for'grippingorireleasing the fixed means, and" means' i associated L'vvith 'the' free "end of the sf'p'ial member forlzausingA sufcientspeed of 'the spialirnember in a" direction 'producing'T release fof the"`spialm'ember ',fr'o'm'f'the x'ed meansto eliminatewdragof the spiral member 4upon the iedr'rieans.

27".""'1he combination With an engine, av changesleed tiasniission`,l .al` slip-drive power-transmit- 'tingdfvice.ineans'drivinglyrconnecting the engine a'nthelslip-'drive Ypovv'er-transmitting device, and means'dr'ivingly- 'connecting 'the change-speed transmission and'. the slip-drive power-transmitting.deviceQofaionesway brake comprising a xed means,land a exiblemember, -said-eXible-memrbermhaving, a portion connected with-the' means connecting @the change Aspeed Y transmission v and ,the'slip-drivefpovvertransmitting device and another-#portion vfreeftliereofadapted rto-'be moved to vary-the shape-of theflexiblermember on-rotation thereof, rthexedjnieans Iand the lflexible gm'ember having;asurromding-relation with respect to one another, driveof :the'fiexible member inxoneidirection'or :theI other iadjusting-:the said surrounding relation whereby =theflexible4 "member .i andnthe xed'means"gripor'releasa'one'anothen 8. fhercombination" withIan-engine, achangespeedrtiansmi'ssion, al 1f1uid .poweritra'nsm'itting devicemeains difivingly connecting' the -engineand the Viluid-'i'potvertransmitting device, and -means drivingly-conectingithe change-speed transmission-andfth'e fiuidlpovveretransmittingdevice, of'a onewayibrake-cmprising a xed means, a exi` ble-'fienibeiuhaving-alportion connected with the mea-ns c'onnectingthef change -speed transmission and thefluid'-powertransmitting 'device and 'another.'portionireethereof adapted' to 'be-actuated tovary ltheshape'offthe'flexible member, the fixed mean'sfand'ftherfiexiblemember having a surroundingfrelation-vvith'respect `to one another, driveoffthe fexiblelmem'ber in one direction or theotheiiadjustin'g lthe said surrounding-relation andf'causing 'the .exible member and fixed means to S'grip or release-one another, andmea'ns connected with ithe'exiblemember for'causing suiicient` speed off-the 'e'xible member' in .the direction:producingfreleaseof '.thelexiblemember and l 12 fxd means iiromtfone ariother to. elirninatesl ,drag betvveenthe memberzandrthexedmeans.

9.`:The:coIi'ibinati'oiry withffan-rengine,a changespe'edrtra-nsmission; a clutchhaving a'fdrivingrside vand afdriven side;me'ans'ffonidrivinglyfconnecting the engine-'With 'thedrivingsside oflthe :c'lutclnand :means afol.: drivingly connecting theftran'smission withltheidrivenps'fde .ofstherclutch of a :one-way fbrake'licomprisngi ai rlixedL'means; and. ai liexible m'en'iberf.connected Withithedrvingisidej. off-the clutch; :andi extomiingeiso?v as itoLf cause theixed Ymeans' 'fand Iithefimen'ib'eitato shave.l a; surrounding relationlwitlresp'ect toionefanother, drivefoflthe exible member in one direction:orithesotherfvary- `i-'ng'the l,slfrape:.thereof rias rwellifas thefs'aid. surrounding!,relation@tottherebyitcauserthef:member .and xed .means A:to-:grip orirele'asesone another.

'.:LlGi'f'Iihe oombinationiiwithianengine, a changespeedtransmissiomaolutchfhaving adrivings'ide and .a'r drivews'idefme'ans -iforrdrivi'ngly connecting theifenginewiththefdrivinghsidebffthe clutch, and -m'e'ans for:drivingly'c'onnectingthe rtransmission Withiitheidriven=side of the f olutchv; of a one-way brake comprising arxed means, az-exibleimemberJconnectedfWithf-the drivingfsidefof the clutch and .extending-v so asf-to cause-th 'xed means-and the m'einberfto have'al'surroutiding relation-With vrespeotllto' one anothergfdrivefof thfieizibleimemberin oneldirection .ori theother'altering thefrelativev positionsof fthe-member fanf'ithe fixedameans and adjusting the said surroundingrelation:so'as to cause the -memberiandfifixed means to'ig'rip 0r 4relea'seffoneV Tano-ther,d andi.meanS-'cOnnected1 with ythe imemberffor icausing sfcient speed of the memberfirifthefdirectiorrproducing-release ofr` the member# and'fxedlmeans from fone* another to eliminate' drag betvveerr-the meinbenand 'the -fixed means.

i 4lflifflfh'efcoinbination'with aj transmission having I'an input flsh'aft--'a-hd' outputishaft andmbeing settable in a.iirstfdrivestransmitting arrangement involving rotation of the input and outputshafts ink-thaisam-direction-and asecOndffdriVeLtransmittingfarran'gementinvolving rotationfo-f theinput zandioutputlsliaftslinvopposite directions;of a clutch i fcompr'ising 1driving and `driven* sides connectedbtofthe-input ysliaft'fahda one-*way brakeiasso'ciatedfriwiththeidriving side fof' the clutch' for preventing. the' output-shaft "ofrthe'y transmission froxrray rotatingffthe, input shaft-hin' one' vdirect-ion, saidi'brake. comprising. aixed means; alexible memberfconnected w'fththeiffdrivingfside 'fofthe clutch and ,extendingiso fasste icause'the mein-ber andiiixedt '.meansoto havei surrounding relation Withcrespecttoz--:one Tanother", fdrivefo'f the filexible member in"^o'ne direoonrorltheiothervarying'the said surrounding'irelation':ands causing 3the linemvberanii. thexedmeans to gripfor'release 'oneanother; and meansy yfassociated=L=with.f-the"liiexible meinberffforsicausing sui'cientispeed `ofithe member: :in :the directiorrffproducing s release of' the memberandithe'fixedmeans fromonevanotherto eliminate 'draggbettve'en'Lth'e` spiralf member 4and the -fixedmeans r .-;12;.'The'combinationispeciedf1in claim 11,4 the fixed means'lsurroundingathe-inputfshaft ands/the liexblefmemberfsurrounding thlxfedlmeans.

l' 132r'1nzcombinatiom- -afzftransmissio navi-ng; a casinglrandfan'iinput sha-ft,Av a clutch having a drivenlrsidelconnectedwiththe linput shaft 'and alsorliaving, .a rdrivingside, and aL one-way `brake for fpreventing rotation fof" the input;` shaft during engagementLfo-f the clutch, said 'bra-ke comprising afsleev'efxed lto theltransmissionfcasingf-and'surrounding the output'"-Lsh`aft;A a'fispiral '/me'mber surrounding the sleeve, means connecting one end of the spiral memberand the rdriving side of the clutch so as to cause attempted drive of the spiral member by the driving side of theclutch in one direction or .the other make the spiral member .grip or release the sleeve, and means connected with the spiral member so` as to cause sufficient speed of the spiral member in the direction producing release of the spiral member from the sleeve toeliminate drag of the spiral member upon the sleeve.

14. The combination specied in claim 13 and further including actuating means positioned about the input shaft and Within the sleeve and slidable therealong for controlling engagement of the clutch.

15. In combination, a clutch having a driveny side and a driving side housing the driven side and carrying means for controlling driving engagement of the driving and driven sides, actuatingmeans engageable with the controlling means, a transmission including a casing and an input shaft drivingly engaging the driven side of the clutch and projecting from the clutch, a fixed means, a first sleeve fixed to the transmission casing and surrounding the shaft and providing a sliding support for the actuating means, a second sleeve surrounding the first sleeve and actuating means and fixed to the transmission casing,

a spiral member surrounding the second sleeve,

means connecting the driving side of the clutch and one end of the spiral member so as to cause drive of the spiral member by the driving side of the clutch in one direction or the other make the spiral member grip or release the second sleeve, and means associated with the other end of the spiral member for causingsuicient speed of the spiral member in the direction producing release of the spiral member from the second sleeve to eliminate drag of the spiral member upon the second sleeve.

16. In combination, a transmission including a unidirectional shaft, a two-direction output shaft, and gearing connecting the shafts so as to make the output shaft rotate in the same direction a-s -the unidirectional shaft or in the opposite direction, and a one-Way brake associated With the unidirectional shaft for preventing the output shaft from rotating in the saidopposite direction y,

during setting of the transmission for rotation of the output shaft in the said same direction and from rotating in the said same direction during setting of the transmission for rotation of the output shaft in the said opposite direction, said one-Way brake comprising a fixed sleeve, a spiral member surrounding the fixed sleeve, a tubular section surrounding the spiral member and drivingly connected with the unidirectional shaft, means connecting one `end of the spiral member to the tubular section for causing drive of the spiral member in one direction or the other by theA tubular section and the unidirectional shaft to make the spiral member grip or release the xed sleeve, and a Weight connected to the other end of the spiral member so as to be adapted to move outwards in response to a suffi-v cient speed of the spiral member inthe direction releasing thespiral member from the fixed sleeve for eliminating drag of the spiral member upon theA fixed sleeve.Y

1'7. The combination specified in claim 16, themeans connecting the said one end of the spiral member, and the tubular section comprising an outwardly extending portion on said end and an 14 opening in the tubular section receiving the said portion, the tubular section having a wide slot at one end for; receiving the Weight on the spiral member.

18,. Incombination, a shaft, a clutch having a driven sidedrivingly connected to the shaft, a driving, side housing the driven side, and control means mounted on the driving side for engaging and disengaging the clutch, a first fixed sleeve surrounding the-shaft, actuating means for the control means slidably mounted on the first fixed sleeve and acne-,Way brake for preventing rotation of the shaft in one direction during engagement ofthe clutch, said brake comprising a second fixed sleeve surrounding the first fixed sleeve and the actuating means, a spiral member surrounding the second fixed sleeve, and means connecting the spiral member andthe driving side of the clutch for causing the spiral member to respond to drive in one direction or the other by gripping .or releasing the fixed sleeve.

19. In combination, ashaft, a `clutch having a driven: side drivingly connected to the shaft, a driving side housing the driven side, and control means mounted in the driving'side for engaging and disengaging the clutch, a first fixed sleeve surroundingithe shaft, actuating means for the control means slidably mounted on the first fixed sleeve, and acne-Way brake for preventing rota tion oftheshaft in one direction during engagement of the clutch, said brake comprising a second fixed sleeve surrounding the rst fixed sleeve and the actuating means, a spiral member surrounding the l:second fixed sleeve, means connecting the spiral member and the driving side of the clutch for causing the spiral member` to respond to drive in-one direction or the other by gripping or releasingthe xed sleeve, and means associated with the spiral member for causing sufficient speed of the spiral member in the direction pron ducing release of the spiral memberA from the nxed sleeve to eliminate drag Aof the spiral member uponthe'xed sleeve.

2O.V In combination, an input shaft for a transmission, a clutch having a driving side and a driven side drivingly connected to theinput shaft, and a one-wayv brake associated with the driving sideof the clutch for preventing rotation of the input shaft'zin one direction during engagement rof the clutch, said brake comprising a fixed internal member and a movable external member drivingl;fr connected to the driving side of ther`clutch and surrounding the internal member.

means positioned bett/een the input shaft and the p Iinternal member for controlling operation cf the clutch. A t

22. The coinbination'vvith an engine, a changespeed transmission including an input shaft, a

fluid potverftransmitting device, means drivingly connecting the engine and the fluid power-transmittingdevice, and means drivingly connectingV the -inp-utshat and the fluid power-transmitting device, of al one-Way brake for preventing rotationy ofQthefinput, shaft inone direction,Y said connectedvbetween the driving side of said clutch and a relatively xed member, said one-way brake being arranged to resist rotation of said transmission unit input member in one direction when said clutch is engaged. v

31. In combination, an engine driven member, a power transmission unit including input and output members, a slip-drive power transmitting device interposed between said engine driven member and said power transmission unit, means drivingly connecting the engine driven member and the slip-drive power transmitting device, drive transmitting means including a clutch drivingly connecting the slip-drive power transmitting device and the input member of the power transmission unit, and a one-way brake carried by said clutch and adapted to be connected between said clutch and a relatively fixed member, said one-way brake being arranged to resist rotation of said transmission unit input member in one direction when said clutch is engaged, said one-way brake including a spiral member encircling said relatively fixed member that is adapted to change its twist in response to drive transmitted thereto in one direction or the other to thereto grip or release the relatively xed member.

32. The combination with an engine drivenmember, a change-speed transmission including input and output members, a clutch interposed between said engine driven member and said transmission having a driving side and a driven side, means for drivingly connecting the engine driven member with the driving side of the clutch, and means for drivingly connecting the transmission input member with the driven side of the clutch; of a one-way brake connected between the driving side of the clutch and a relatively fixed member, said brake being arranged so as to be positioned between said clutch and said transmission and to encircle a relatively fixed, contiguously arranged, anchor member, said brake comprising a flexible spiral member having a portion anchored to said clutch and being adapted to change its twist in response to drive transmitted thereto in one direction or the other to thereby grip or to release the contiguously arranged anchor member.

33. The combination with a transmission havv ing an input shaft and output shaft and being settable in a rst drive-transmitting arrangement involving rotation of the input and output shafts in the same direction and a second drivetransmitting arrangement involving rotation of the input and output shafts in opposite directions, of a clutch comprising driving and driven engageable elements drivingly connected to the input shaft and a one-way brake connected between a relatively fixed member and the driving element of said clutch device whereby said oneway brake is operative for preventing the output '18 shaft of the transmission from rotating the input shaft in one direction when said clutch is engaged, said one-way brake comprising a flexible spiral member having surrounding relation with respect to said xed member and to the input shaft, the flexible spiral member having one end connected with the driving element of `said clutch and being free at its other end so as to be able to change its shape in response todrive through the said one end in one direction or the other to provide a means for gripping or releasing the iixed member.

34. The combination with a transmission having an input shaft and output shaft and being settable in a iirst drive-transmitting arrangement involving rotation of the input and output shafts in the same direction and a second drive-transmitting arrangement involving rotation of the input `and output shafts in opposite directions, of a clutch device comprising driving and driven engageable elements drivingly connected to the input shaft and a one-way brake connected between a relatively fixed member and the driving element of said clutch device whereby said oneway brake is operative for preventing'the output shaft of the transmission from rotating the input shaft in one direction when said clutch is engaged, said one-way brake comprising a flexible spiral member having surrounding relation with respect to said fixed member, the flexiblespiral member being connected at one end with the driving element of said clutch device and being free at its other end so as to be able to change its twist in response to drive through the said one end in one direction 0r the other for gripping or releasing the fixed member, and means associated with the free end of the spiral member for causing sufcient speed of the flexible spiral member in one directionto effect release of the spiral member from the fixed member to eliminate drag of the spiral member upon the fixed member.

WILLIAM T. DUNN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Dunn Apr. 10, 1951 

